ATTITUDE OF PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC AT IRRUA SPECIALIST TEACHING HOSPITAL IRRUA EDO STATE TOWARDS CAESARIAN SECTION

Abstract

This study investigated the attitude of pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, towards caesarean section. A quantitative survey research design was adopted, employing a structured questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 133 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using frequency tables, simple percentages, mean and standard deviation, with a one-sample t-test applied to test the stated hypotheses.The findings revealed that the majority of respondents possessed a positive attitude towards caesarean sections, demonstrating a strong awareness of the procedure and its associated benefits and risks. Specifically, 85.7% of the respondents indicated they were well-informed about what a caesarean section entails, suggesting that educational interventions could enhance understanding and acceptance. Additionally, socio-demographic factors such as education significantly influenced their attitudes, with women who held higher educational qualifications displaying more favorable perceptions of caesarean deliveries. The results also indicated that healthcare provider recommendations played a crucial role in shaping preferences regarding the mode of delivery, with 84.2% of respondents acknowledging the impact of medical advice on their decisions. In conclusion, the study highlighted the importance of targeted educational programs and the need for healthcare providers to actively engage pregnant women in discussions regarding delivery options. Recommendations include implementing regular educational sessions within antenatal clinics to improve knowledge about caesarean sections and their implications. Additionally, the establishment of supportive communication channels between healthcare providers and patients could further enhance trust and understanding, ultimately leading to better-informed decisions regarding childbirth. The findings underscore the necessity for healthcare systems to adapt and respond to the evolving needs of pregnant women, ensuring that their choices are informed by accurate information and comprehensive support.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Pregnancy is a significant period in a woman's life, marked by a series of physiological, psychological, and emotional changes. Antenatal care is essential in ensuring the health and well-being of both the mother and the fetus. One critical aspect of maternal health care is the mode of delivery, particularly the choice between vaginal delivery and caesarean section (CS). The caesarean section, a surgical procedure that involves delivering a baby through incisions made in the abdomen and uterus, has become increasingly common in modern obstetrics. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the ideal rate for caesarean sections should be between 10-15%, but many countries exceed this recommendation, leading to concerns about overuse and the implications for maternal and infant health.

In Nigeria, the rising rate of caesarean sections has prompted investigations into the attitudes of pregnant women towards this mode of delivery. Cultural beliefs, educational background, socio-economic status, and prior experiences often influence these attitudes. At the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital in Edo State, a significant number of women seek antenatal care, making it an appropriate setting for examining these attitudes. Understanding pregnant women's perceptions of caesarean sections can help healthcare providers develop strategies to educate and support expectant mothers, ultimately leading to informed decision-making regarding their delivery options.

1.2 Statement of Problem

Despite the increasing prevalence of caesarean sections (CS) in Nigeria, particularly in Edo State, there remains a significant gap in understanding the attitudes of pregnant women towards this mode of delivery. Previous studies have largely focused on statistical trends and clinical outcomes associated with caesarean deliveries (Nkwo & Onah, 2022; Bragg, Gromwell, & Edozien, 2020). However, there is a paucity of research that delves into the specific perceptions, beliefs, and experiences of women regarding caesarean sections, particularly in the context of antenatal care at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital. This lack of qualitative insights limits healthcare providers' ability to address the underlying factors that influence women's decisions about delivery methods (Hama & Johnson, 2022).

Moreover, existing literature often overlooks the socio-economic and cultural dimensions that shape women's attitudes towards caesarean sections. While some studies have examined demographic influences, such as educational background and economic status (Fesseha & Getachew, 2021; Bukar, Audu, & Massa, 2019), there is still a need for comprehensive research that integrates these factors into a cohesive understanding of women's preferences. This integration is crucial for designing effective educational interventions that cater to diverse populations.

Additionally, the attitudes of healthcare providers themselves play a critical role in shaping women's choices but remain under-explored in the current body of literature (Igberase, Ebeigbe, & Andrew, 2019). Understanding how providers' beliefs and communication styles influence patients' perceptions can help bridge the gap between clinical practice and patient education. Therefore, there is a pressing need to conduct a thorough investigation into these aspects to enhance antenatal care and improve maternal health outcomes in Nigeria.

1.3 Objective of the Study

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes of pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital towards caesarean sections. Specifically, the study aims to:

1. Assess the level of knowledge and awareness of caesarean sections among pregnant women.
2. Identify the factors influencing pregnant women's attitudes towards caesarean sections.
3. Evaluate the impact of healthcare provider recommendations on the decision-making process regarding mode of delivery.

1.4 Research Questions

To guide the study, the following research questions will be addressed:

1. What is the level of knowledge about caesarean sections among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital?
2. What socio-demographic factors influence the attitudes of pregnant women towards caesarean sections?
3. How do healthcare provider recommendations affect the preferences of pregnant women regarding mode of delivery?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

Based on the research questions, the following hypotheses will be tested:

1. There is no significant relationship between the level of knowledge about caesarean sections and the attitudes of pregnant women towards this mode of delivery.
2. Socio-demographic factors such as age, education, and socio-economic status significantly influence pregnant women's attitudes towards caesarean sections.
3. Healthcare provider recommendations have no significant impact on the delivery preferences of pregnant women.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study holds significant importance for several reasons. Firstly, it will contribute to the existing body of knowledge regarding the attitudes of pregnant women towards caesarean sections, particularly in the context of Nigeria. Understanding these attitudes can help healthcare providers tailor their educational interventions and counseling strategies to address the specific concerns and misconceptions held by pregnant women.

Secondly, the findings of this study can inform policymakers and healthcare organizations about the need for targeted educational programs that promote informed decision-making regarding childbirth. By understanding the factors influencing attitudes towards caesarean sections, healthcare providers can develop strategies to enhance the quality of antenatal care and reduce the rates of unnecessary surgical interventions.

Finally, this study has the potential to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes in the region by fostering a supportive environment for pregnant women to make informed choices about their mode of delivery. By addressing the misconceptions and fears surrounding caesarean sections, healthcare providers can empower women to participate actively in their childbirth experiences.

1.7 Scope of the Study

The scope of this study is limited to pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital in Edo State, Nigeria. The research will focus on understanding their attitudes towards caesarean sections, the factors influencing these attitudes, and the role of healthcare providers in shaping their perceptions. While the study will explore various socio-demographic factors, it will not cover the experiences of women who have already undergone a caesarean section or those who are not currently pregnant. The findings will be specific to this population and may not be generalizable to other regions or healthcare settings.

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

1. Antenatal Clinic: A healthcare facility where pregnant women receive regular check-ups, education, and support throughout their pregnancy.
2. Caesarean Section (CS): A surgical procedure performed to deliver a baby through incisions made in the abdomen and uterus, typically used when a vaginal delivery is deemed unsafe for the mother or baby.
3. Attitude: A settled way of thinking or feeling about something, which in this context refers to the beliefs and feelings of pregnant women towards caesarean sections.
4. Knowledge: The information and understanding that pregnant women possess regarding caesarean sections, including their indications, risks, and benefits.
5. Socio-demographic Factors: Characteristics of individuals that define their social and economic status, such as age, education, marital status, and income level.
6. Healthcare Provider Recommendations: Guidance and advice given by medical professionals regarding the appropriate mode of delivery based on the individual circumstances of the pregnant woman.
7. Informed Decision-Making: The process by which pregnant women consider their options for childbirth, taking into account the information provided by healthcare professionals and their personal beliefs and preferences.
8. Maternal Health: The health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, focusing on the prevention and treatment of complications.